Kumeyaay

Dreamquest Research

Dreamquest
Research

Read below for information on:

	Kumeyaay language used in Dreamquest
	Bibliography of sources used
	Links to online sources for settings used
	Recommended reading list

Kumeyaay Glossary

'Aashaa nemeshap	White Bird
'aaskay	pot (Sp. olla)
'aaw	fire
Diegueño	(Sp.) This word was coined in 1769 by Father Serra to describe the indigenous people who lived close to the Mission San Diego de Alcalá. All the area Indians were referred to as Mission Indians, and later further designated by using Diegueño, which means “of the Diego mission”; also used to describe the language of the native people. This designation was changed by the native people in the 1970s to: Kumeyaay.
'ehan	is good, correct, right, tasty, true, sure
'Ehemach 'ewuuws.	I saw it in my dreams.
'ehpank	whale
'ehpii	(Sp. metate) a flat stone with a shallow depression used to hold grain for grinding grain with a hand-held stone called a (Sp.) mano
'emaa	yucca plant (less flower and stem); shavings from the yucca root can be used to make soapsuds
'emat winnp	earthquake (lit. the earth shakes)
'emtaar	open space, wilderness, desert, valley, yard
'enyehaa	my water
'ewii taaspiich	Sidewinder (rattlesnake found in the Anza-Borrego desert)
haa	yes
háawka	hello
háawka 'ememaa	hello mommy (Sp. mama)
Hattepaa	Coyote
Hattepaa kwa'stik	Little Coyote (coyote, the little one)
hellyaach sekap tewaa	half-moon
hellytaa	hair, head, scalp
hemach	dreams
iichaa	thinks, remembers
kesaaw	eat it (command)
Kumeyaay	The true tribal name (instead of Southern Diegueno Indians; lit. those who face the water from the cliff). These first residents of California were discovered during the mission era (1769) and inhabited the southern California region and Baja California. In the 1950s anthropologists discovered the native people never considered Diegueño their name, and Kumeyaay was adopted by them in the 1970s. I chose to use this preferred name for the native people in this work.
kuseyaay	shaman or medicine man; kuseyaay had a great knowledge of medicine, curing songs, ceremonies, and astronomy
Luiseño	(Sp.) Indigenous people of what is now northern San Diego county; the name was taken from the Mission San Luis Rey. Kumeyaay used the word Kahway for these people.
mes-haalyap	butterfly
mes-haraay	sand
millychish	white man
olla	(Sp.) pot, container
paataat	father
panepaaw	grandfather (father’s father)
ranchero	(Sp.) ranch
Senyaweche	Village of Kumeyaay in the area where Mission Trails Regional Park is now located in San Diego.
shawii	acorn mush, makes acorn mush
shuullaw	thunder
simiiraay	crazy
temeshaa	shadow, spirit
tolvaach	(Sp. toloache) datura metaloides, toxic plant commonly known as jimsonweed; of the nightshade family; has large trumpet-shape flowers and prickly fruit; used as a tea made from leaves, stems, and roots for ceremonial and medicinal purposes. It was drunk by shamans as part of religious ceremonies and by individuals to attain personal visions.
wekwiich	tattoos, is tattooed

The primary source for the Kumeyaay language used throughout Dreamquest was the Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueño, by Ted Couro and Christina Hutcheson (native speakers); introduction and notes by Margaret Langdon, Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, San Diego. The dictionary was published in 1973 by the Malki Museum Press, Morongon Indian Reservation in Banning, California.

In the 1960s, Margaret Langdon was asked to create a practical writing system for this previously almost unknown spoken language. She continued to study and analyze the Kumeyaay language for thirty years. The word Kumeyaay is now used to describe three closely related languages: Iipai, Kumeyaay, and Tiipai. All belong to the Yuman linguistic family, Hokan stock.

Kumeyaay was also adopted as the preferred word to describe the people who lived throughout what is now southern San Diego County and Baja California.

Pronunciation. Words are typically accented on the last syllable; an accent mark is used for unusually accented words or phrases. Words beginning with “ ' ” represent the sound of a catch in the throat, like the sound in the middle of the exclamation Oh-oh! Over time, some Spanish words were also adopted by the Kumeyaay.

Other language sources used:

http//americanindiansource.com/kumeyaaylanguage.html

http://www.kumeyaay.org/words.html

http://www.kumeyaay.com/history/linguistics.html

Bibliography

Sources used in Dreamquest:

· A Handbook of Native American Healing Herbs; Alma R. Hutchens; Barnes & Noble Books 1999 (previously published 1992 as A Handbook of Native American Herbs, Shambhala Publications, Inc.) ISBN 0-7607-1937-3

· Astronomy magazine; August 2002; Strange Universe: Meteoric Success, Bob Berman; Astronomy 101 Beginner’s Sky, Jerry Burstein

· Awakening Spirits; Tom Brown, Jr.; Berkley Publishing Group 1994; ISBN 0-425-14140-3

· Barona Cultural Center & Museum, Lakeside, California; lecturer: Cheryl Jeffrey

· Cacti of California; E. Yale Dawson; University of California Press 1966; ISBN 0-520-00299-7

· California Indian Shamanism; Edited by Lowell John Bean; Balena Press 1992; ISBN 0-87919-124-4

· Camping & Wilderness Survival: The Ultimate Outdoors ; Book; Paul Tawrell 1996; ISBN 1-896713-00-9

· Deserts (The Audobon Society Nature Guides); James A. MacMahon; a Borzoi Book published by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc, produced by Chanticleer Press, Inc. 1990 (originally published 1985); ISBN0-394-73139-5

· Dictionary of Mesa Grande Diegueno; Ted Couro and Christina Hutcheson; Edited by Margaret Langdon; Malki Museum Press, Morongo Indian Reservation, 1973

· Everyday Life Among the American Indians: 1800 to 1900; Candy Moulton; Writer’s Digest Books 2001; ISBN 0-89879-996-1

· Flutes of Fire: Essays on California Indian Languages; Leanne Hinton; Quality Books, Inc. 1994; ISBN 0-930588-62-2

· http://americanindiansour.com/kumeyaaylanguage.html

· http://csusm.edu

· http://daphne.palomar.edu/cuyamaca/kumeyaay.htm

· http://kumeyaay.sdcs.k12.ca.us/Kumeyaay.Indian.Infor/Kumeyaay.Indians.html

· http://libweb.sdsu.edu/sub_libs/pwhite/insdcnty.html

· http://www.curtis-collection.com/trib%20data/dieguenos.html

· http://www.desertusa.com/mag99/papr/kumeyaay.html

· http://www.fourdir.com/diegueno.htm

· http://www.kumeyaay.com/history/linguistics.html

· http://www.kumeyaay.org/words.html

· http://www.mtrp.org

· http://www.scecdc.scec.org/borrego.html

· http://www.sdrp.org/web/pages/recipe.htm

· Indian Uses of Desert Plants; James W. Cornett; Palm Springs Desert Museum published 1995; ISBN 0-937794-16-3

· Mission Trails Regional Park, San Diego, California; lecturer: Diane Lindsey

· Native American Healing Herbs; Alma R. Hutchens; Barnes and Noble Books 1992; ISBN 0-7607-1937-3

· Pushed Into the Rocks; Florence Connolly Shipek; University of Nebraska Press1987; ISBN 0-9652470-5-8

· San Dieguito River Park, Piedras Pintadas Interprative Trail, city name?; lecturer: Heather Rosing

· Strangers in a Stolen Land: American Indians in San Diego 1850-1880; Richard L. Carrico; Sierra Oaks Publishing Co. 1987; ISBN 0-940113-3-1

· Survival Skills of Native California; Paul D. Campbell; Gibbs-Smith Publisher1999; ISBN 0-87905-921-4

· The Autobiography of Delfina Cuero; Florence Connolly Shipek; Ballena Press 1991; ISBN 0-87919-8

· The Forgotten Artist: Indians of Anza-Borrego and Their Rock Art; Manfred Knaak; Anza-Borrego Desert Natural History Association 1988; ISBN 0-910805-04-0

· The Painted Rocks; Ruth Alter; San Dieguito River Valley Regional Open Space Park Joint Powers Authority 1995; ISBN 0-9653725-0-2

· The Writer’s Guide to Everyday Life in the Wild West From 1840-1900; Candy Moulton; Writer’s Digest Books 1999; ISBN 0-89879-870-1

· Tom Brown’s Field Guide to Wildnerness Survival; Tom Brown, Jr.;Berkley Publishing Group 1983; ISBN 0-425-10572-5

· Little Known Tales in California History; Alton Pryor; Stagecoach Publishing; ISBN 0-9660053-1-7

Setting links

Four Directions http://www.fourdir.com/diegueno.htm

Desert USA http://www.desertusa.com/mag99/papr/kumeyaay.html

San Diegito River Park http://www.sdrp.org/web/pages/recipe.htm

Mission Trails Regional Park http://www.mtrp.org